2014年考研英语二翻译真题及答案

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英语二

　翻译

Music means different things to different people and sometimes even different things to the same person at different moments of his life. It might be poetic， philosophical， sensual， or mathematical， but in any case it must， in my view， have something to do with the soul of the human being. Hence it is metaphysical; but the means of expression is purely and exclusively physical： sound. I believe it is precisely this permanent coexistence of metaphysical message through physical means that is the strength of music.

(46)It is also the reason why when we try to describe music with words， all we can do is articulate our reactions to it， and not grasp music itself.

Beethoven's importance in music has been principally defined by the revolutionary nature of his compositions. He freed music from hitherto prevailing conventions of harmony and structure. Sometimes I feel in his late works a will to break all signs of continuity. The music is abrupt and seemingly disconnected， as in the last piano sonata. In musical expression， he did not feel restrained by the weight of convention.

(47)By all accounts he was a freethinking person， and a courageous one， and I find courage an essential quality for the understanding， let alone the performance， of his works.

This courageous attitude in fact becomes a requirement for the performers of Beethoven's music. His compositions demand the performer to show courage， for example in the use of dynamics.

(48)Beethoven's habit of increasing the volume with an intense crescendo and then abruptly following it with a sudden soft passage was only rarely used by composers before him.

Beethoven was a deeply political man in the broadest sense of the word. He was not interested in daily politics， but concerned with questions of moral behavior and the larger questions of right and wrong affecting the entire society.

(49)Especially significant was his view of freedom， which， for him， was associated with the rights and responsibilities of the individual： he advocated freedom of thought and of personal expression.

Beethoven's music tends to move from chaos to order as if order were an imperative of human existence. For him， order does not result from forgetting or ignoring the disorders that plague our existence; order is a necessary development， an improvement that may lead to the Greek ideal of spiritual elevation. It is not by chance that the Funeral March is not the last movement of the Eroica Symphony， but the second， so that suffering does not have the last word.

译文：

1.在大部分人眼中，乐观主义就意味着永远满怀希望、无忧无虑，遇事只往好的方面想。然而积极心理学专家认为这种乐观只是假象，不建议人们这么做。哈佛大学教授塔尔。本沙哈尔指出：“健康的乐观主义应该是切合实际的。”他认为，现实的乐观主义者会尽力让事事顺利，而不是迷信万事大吉。

2.本沙哈尔提出了“三步乐观法”。第一步：在碰到例如演讲表现糟糕这种让人沮丧的情况时，他首先会安慰自己人非圣贤，不是所有的演讲都能拿到诺贝尔奖，总会有些演讲的`效果不如他人。第二步：重现场景。他会对这次失败的演讲进行分析，总结优缺点，为以后的演讲吸取经验教训。第三步：形成这样一个观念，要明白在生命的宏大蓝图中，一次演讲着实微不足道。