英语学习必备的基础知识归纳

英语不好的学生，首要目标就是掌握好英语基础知识，将最简单的知识点理解清楚，打好基础。下面是本站小编为大家整理的英语学习基础知识总结，希望对大家有用!

一、注意形容词变副词时的拼写变化

1. beautiful美丽的—beautifully

2. possible可能的—possibly

3. practical实际的—practically

4. particular特别的—particularly

5. successful成功的—successfully

二、意思相近的词

1. check (核对)/ examine(检查)/ test(测试)

2. receive(收到) / accept(接受)

3. destroy (毁坏;毁灭)/ damage(破坏)

4. celebrate(庆祝)/ congratulate(祝贺)

5. wear sth / dress sb 穿衣

三、注意形容词变名词时的拼写变化

1. long—length 长度

2. wide—width 宽度

3. high—height 高度

4. strong—strength力量

四、以-ic结尾的动词，应先把-ic变为-ick，再加ing或ed

1. picnic (picnicked, picnicking) 野餐

五、个别名词的复数拼写

1. German (Germans) 德国人

2. gulf (gulfs) 海湾

3. handkerchief (handkerchiefs) 手帕roof (roofs) 房顶

4. hero (英雄)，potato (土豆)，tomato (西红柿) 等有生命的以-o结尾的名词变复数时要加-es。

宾语：

1、由名词、代词(人称代词要用宾格)、不定式、动名词、(宾语)从句充当,表示动作的承受者是“谁”或者是“何物”。

如：The angel also came to Joseph and toldhimthe same thing.

(那个天使同样来到约瑟夫面前并且告诉他同样的事情。)(代词和名词充当两个宾语)

He told me that the company could not afford to pay him so much money.

(他告诉我说公司付不起他那么多的钱。)(不定式作宾语)

They enjoy watching football games so much that they often forget their lessons.

(他们如此喜爱看足球以至于常常忘记了他们的功课。)(动名词作宾语)

I think to be a children’s doctor is very rewarding.

(我认为当个儿童医生是很值得的。)(从句作宾语)

2、只有及物动词或介词才有宾语,不及物动词没有宾语,如果涉及到事物,则必须在不及物动词后面加合适的介词。 Listen to the radio.(listen不是及物动词,故加to。) Can you hearanything exciting?(你能听到什么令人兴奋的`消息吗?)

3、宾语一般放在及物动词或介词的后面,但是在疑问句中,如果宾语是疑问词,则宾语要放在句首。介词的宾语如果是疑问词,则可以放在介词后或句首。

如：What did he see? (他看见了什么?) What does he write a letter with? (他用什么写的信?) With what does he write a letter? (他用什么写的信?)

4、“动词+副词+宾语”结构中,如果宾语是代词,则代词必须放在“动”“副”之间。

如：Please put the shoes away. (请把鞋子收起来。) Please put away the shoes. (请把鞋子收起来。) Please put them away. (请把它们收起来。)

5、动词后面跟双宾语时可以采用两种结构：

①动词+间接宾语(人)+直接宾语(物)。如：He often gives mesome help. (他常常帮我。)

②动词+直接宾语+介词+间接宾语。注意,一般情况介词用to,但动词是make, buy, borrow时,介词用for.

如： Please make mea kite. (请给我做个风筝。)或Please make a kite for me.

宾语从句

名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。

1. 由连接词that引导的宾语从句

由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。例如：

He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。

We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing. 我们决不能认为自己什么都好，别人什么都不好。

注意：在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, request, command, doubt等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“(should)+ 动词原形”。例如：

I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我坚持要她自己工作。

The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 司令员命令部队马上出发。

2. 用who，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。

I want to know what he has told you. 我想知道他告诉了你什么。

She always thinks of how she can work well. 她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。