小学英语必背基础知识归纳

小学英语是很简单的，因为对语法的要求很低，这个阶段以听课为主，只要将课堂上的知识掌握好就足够了。下面是本站小编为大家整理的小学英语必背基础知识，希望对大家有用!

句型专项归类

1、 肯定句：是指用肯定的语气来陈述的句子，如：

I’m a student. She is a doctor. He works in a hospital. There are four fans in our classroom. He will eat lunch at 12:00. I watched TV yesterday evening.

2、否定句：含有否定词或表示否定意义词的句子，如：I’m not a student. She is not (isn’t) a doctor.

He does not (doesn’t) work in a hospital. There are not (aren’t) four fans in our classroom.

He will not (won’t) eat lunch at 12:00. I did not (didn’t) watch TV yesterday evening.

☆注意 小结：否定句主要是在肯定句的基础上加上了否定词 ―not‖。有动词be的句子则―not‖加在be后面，可缩写成―isn’t，aren’t‖，但am not 一般都分开写。没有动词be的句子则要先在主要动词的前面加上一个助动词(do，does，did)，然后在它后面加上―not‖，你也可以把它们缩写在一起如―don’t , doesn’t , didn’t )。这三个助动词要根据人称和时态来选择，其中―does‖只用于一般现在时主语是第三人称单数的情况，而―did‖只用于一般过去时，不论主语是什么人称和数，都用―did‖ 。

3、一般疑问句：是指询问事实的`句子，此类句子必须用―yes‖，或―no‖来回答。

如：Are you a student? Yes, I am / No, I’m not.

Is she a doctor? Yes, she is. / No, she isn’t.

Does he work in a hospital? Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t.

4、特殊疑问句：以特殊疑问词(what , where , who , which , when , whose , why , how等)开头引导的句子。此类句子应该问什么就答什么，不能用

―yes 、no‖来回答。如：

What is this? It’s a computer.

What does he do? He’s a doctor.

动词过去式详解 动词的过去式的构成规则有：

A、规则动词

① 一般直接在动词的后面加ed：如 worked , learned , cleaned ,

visited

② 以e结尾的动词直接加d：如 lived , danced , used

③ 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词要改y为i再加ed(此类动词较少)如

study – studied carry – carried worry – worried (注意play、stay不是辅音字母加y,所以不属于此类)

④ 双写最后一个字母(此类动词较少)如 stopped

B、不规则动词(此类词并无规则，须熟记)小学阶段要记住以下动词的原形和过去式：

sing – sang , eat – ate , see – saw , have – had , do – did , go – went , take – took , buy – bought , get – got , read – read ,fly – flew , am/is – was , are – were , say – said , leave – left , swim – swam , tell – told , draw – drew , come – came , lose – lost , find – found , drink – drank , hurt – hurt , feel – felt

现在完成时主要用于：

1 、表示到现在为止这一时期中发生的动作或情况，即多次动作的总和。

e.g. We have learnt four English songs this month.

How many times have you read the novel?

For many days we haven`t seen each other.

2 、表示对现在有影响的某一已发生的动作。

e.g. The delegation has left 代表团已经走了(说明现在不在这里) Look, what you have done. 看你干的事。

与这一时态连用的时间状语有：

already, yet, just, ever, never, by now, so far, recently, by the end of this month, since, for 短语，连词 since 引导的时间状语从句。 一般过去时与现在完成时的区别：

一般过去时：重在说明动作在过去发生时的具体情况(时间、地点、方式、对象、细节等)。

现在完成时：只提起已发生的动作(事实)及其影响，不说明动作发生时的具体情况。

cf. Have you had your lunch?

What did you have for lunch?

I have ever been to the Great Wall,_and_I went there last summer with my father.

注：现在完成时表达的动作常具有反复性，故下面一句是错的：

Have you seen the six thirty`s news program?

应改为：