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　ADHD finked to Air Pollutants

Children have an increased of attention problems seen as early as grade school. If their noses inhaled ( 吸入) a certain type of air pollution when they were pregnant. That's the finding of a new study, released when things aren't burned completely, this pollution is known as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons of PAHs.

The biggest sources of these PAHs: the bruning of fossile fuels, wood and trash. Frederica Perera works at Columbia University's Mailman School of public Health is Ne York City. She and her team studied the xposure to air pollution of 233 nonsmoking pregant women in New York City.

Because burning tobacco can spew (排放) PAHs into the air and lungs. Perera's team focused on nonsmokers.

The researchers investigated signs of attention problems in those children, now age 9. They asked each child's mother a series of questions. These included wahtever her child had problems doing things that needed sustained(长期的 )mental effort, such as homework or games with friends.

The scientists also asked if the kids had trouble following instructions or made grequent, careless mistakes. All of these can be sumptoms of a disorder called Attention Deficit Hyperactiviety Disorder, or ADHD. About one in U.S. children has ADHD. Among the women stueied traffic and home heating were the primary sources of air pollution exposure. Perera and her team suspect.

Some of these women had low levels of PAHs in their bolld. Others had ghigh levels. Those with high levels were five times as likely to have dhilren who showed attention problems by age 9. The new findings were published November 5 in the journal PLOS ONE.

16. Perera and her team chose nonsmiking pregnant women all over America.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

17. The main purpose of the research was to find out how exposure to PAHs played a role in harming the subjects' physical health.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

18. Nonsmoking mothers were selected because the effect of smoking on PAHs was unclear.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

19. The blood of each woman was tested once a month during pregnancy.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

20. Kids with ADHD commonly fail in school.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

21. The women with high levels of PAHs in their blood were more likely to have kids with ADHD.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

22. Traffic and home heating were considered to be the biggest sources of PAHs for the subjects in the research.

t

B. Wrong

D. Not mentioned

答案与解析：

16.B。题干：Perera和她的团队挑选了来自全美国的不吸烟的怀孕妇女。利用题干关键词Perera和ing可以定位到文章第二段第三句，意为“她和她的团队研究了纽约市233名非吸烟的孕妇暴露在空气污染中的情况”，由此可知只是纽约市而非全美国，题干所述与原文信息不一致，故该题答案为B。

17.B。题干：研究的主要目的'是发现暴露在PAHs下对研究对象的身体健康如何造成伤害。利用题干关键词purpose of research和harm the physical health可以定位到文章第二段最后一句，意为“研究者想探查PAHs的其他来源”，由此可知题干所述与原文信息不一致，故该题答案为B。

18.B。题干：选择不吸烟的妈妈们是因为吸烟对于PAHs的影响还不清楚。利用题干关键词non-smoking mother和effect of PAHd可以定位到文章第二段倒数第二句，意为选择不吸烟的孕妇妈妈是“因为吸烟会导致环芳香烃(PAH)排入空气中或吸入肺中，所以她们的团队关注不吸烟者”，由此可知吸烟对于PAHs的影响是清楚的，所以题干所述与原文信息不一致，故该题答案为B。

19.C。题干：每个妇女的血液在怀孕期间每个月检测一次。利用题干关键词blood和once a month进行定位，发现没有相关信息，由此可知该题答案为C。

20.C。题干：患有ADHD的孩子通常在学校学业不好。利用题干关键词kinds with ADHDs和school进行定位，发现没有相关信息，由此可知该题答案为C。

21.A。题干：血液中有较多PAHs的妇女所生的孩子更可能会患有ADHD。利用题干关键词levels ofPAHs和have kids with ADHD可以定位到最后一段的倒数第二句，意为“血液中含有较多PAHs的女性所生的孩子到9岁时，孩子出现注意力不集中问题的概率提高到原来的五倍”，由此可知题干所述与原文信息一致，所以该题答案为A。

22.A。题干：对研究对象来说，交通和家庭采暖被认为是PAHs的最主要的来源。利用题干关键词traffic and home heatin9可以定位到最后一段的第一句，意为“在所研究的妇女中，交通和家庭采暖是空气污染的主要来源”，由此可以推知交通和家庭采暖是PAHs的主要来源，所以该题答案为A。