职称英语考试《卫生B》概括大意真题精选

2017年职称英语考试复习已经开始，为了促进大家的学习积极性，小编整理了职称英语考试历年真题精选，职称英语卫生类真题专项练习，供大家备考复习。以下是职称英语历年真题《卫生B》概括大意真题精选题。

　Ebola Outbreak

are likely aware that several countries in West Africa are batting an Ebola Outbreak. Ebola is a dangerous and often lethal viral infection. Scientists believe that humans contacted the virus by eating the meat of rare animals. It is now believed that bats are the primary carriers of the virus.

date, there are only three major countries in West Africa experiencing a major outbreak:

Sierra Leone, Liberia and Guinea. However, other countries such as Nigeria have reported confirmed cases of Ebola within their borders.

ss you recently visited one of the three affected West countries, your risk of contacting the virus is virtually zero. Unlike other recent airborne virus outbreaks like SARS, the Ebola virus can only be spread through direct contact with an infected person. Specifically, Ebola is spread through contact with body fluids. Though the virus is transmittable, only an infected person exhibiting symptoms is communicable.

signs and symptoms of Ebola are non-specific and patients typically exhibit them after a week of contacting the virus. Symptoms may appear as early as two days or as late as three weeks after initial infection. Symptoms include disgust, weakness and stomach pain. More uncommon symptoms include chest pain, bleeding and sore throat.

a is devastating because of its ability to attack and replicate in every organ of the body.

This causes an overstimulation of the body's inflammatory response, causing the flu-like symptoms. The virus also causes bleeding and impairs the body's normal clotting mechanism(凝血机制), making bleeding even more severe. Loss of blood volume and decreased organ perfusion (器官灌注) ultimately lead to organ failure and death.

current outbreak is the deadliest viral outbreak in over 35 years. While diseases such as the malaria (疟疾) are far more communicable, Ebola is one of the world's most fatal viral infections. Ebola's fatality rate exceeds that of SARS.

23. Paragraph 2__________

24. Paragraph 3__________

25. Paragraph 4__________

26. Paragraph 5__________

A. Am I at risk of contacting the virus?

B. Is the current outbreak the deadlines?

C. How do I know if I have contacted the virus?

D. What areas are currently affected?

E. What exactly does Ebola do to the body?

F. What caused the Ebola outbreak?

27. The initial Ebola outbreak was found in __________

28. The difference between SARS and Ebola viruses lies in __________

29. The symptoms of the patients after being infected may first appear__________

30. The Ebola virus transmits by contact with__________

A. infected body fluids

B. against the outbreak severity

C. the mode of transmission

D. the initial days of being infected

E. three countries in West Africa

F. within a wide range of days

　答案与解析

23.D。题干：第二段的主要内容是 __________。从第二段的首尾句来看，第一句讲的是三个主要发生埃博拉疫情的国家，尾句说的是其他发生埃博拉病例的国家，故D(哪些地区目前受到疫情影响)是正确答案。

【备考助手】段落大意一般是段落的首句和尾句，很少的时候是在中问的句子，特别是中间的句子带有“yet，but，however”等转折关系的时候。如果段落之中没有明显的主题句，则需要根据大意或者高频词汇进行判断。

24.A。题干：第三段的主要内容是 __________。第三段首句是主题句，如果你没有去过三个疫情感染的国家，那么你感染埃博拉病毒的`风险为零，即讨论的是埃博拉病毒的感染，故A(我有没有感染埃博拉病毒的风险?)是正确答案。

25.C。题干：第四段的主要内容是 __________。第四段的主题句是首句，埃博拉病毒的症状不是很具体，病人一般在病毒感染一周之后才会出现典型的症状，所以该段主要谈论埃博拉病毒的症状。因而D(我如何知道自己是感染了埃博拉病毒?)是正确答案。

26.E。题干：第五段的主要内容是 __________。第五段的主题句是首句，埃博拉病毒具有破坏性是因为它会在人体的任何器官内进行攻击和复制，故E(埃博拉病毒对身体到底有何影响?)是正确答案。

27.E。题干：最早埃博拉病毒爆发是在发现的。利用出题顺序与段落顺序一致的原则，利用题干关键词The initial Ebola outbreak可以定位到第二段的首句，即到目前为止，只有西非的三个国家正在经历埃博拉病毒的大爆发，所以答案为E(西非的三个国家)

28.C。题干：SARS和埃博拉病毒的不同之处在于 __________。利用题干关键词difference，SARS和Ebola可以定位到第三段第二旬，可知与其他在空气中传播的病毒如SAR不同，埃博拉病毒只能通过直接与感染人群接触来传播，故选C(传播方式)。

29.F。题干：病人感染埃博拉病毒的症状最初出现 __________。利用题干关键词symptoms和first appear可以定位到第四段的前两句，可知埃博拉病毒的症状不具体，通常在感染一周之后才有明显症状，症状最早出现在感染两天后，最晚是在感染三周之后，所答案为E(在好多天的范围之内)。

30.A。题干：埃博拉病毒通过与 __________的接触进行传播。利用题干关键词Ebola virus，transmits和contact可以定位到第三段的第二句和第三句，可知与其他在空气中传播的病毒如SAR不同，埃博拉病毒只能通过直接与感染人群接触而传播，具体来说，埃博拉通过与体液的接触进行传播。因此该题答案选A(受感染的体液)。