英语考研阅读理解长难句的分析

This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.

词汇解析：discrimination 歧视；alphabet 字母表

主干识别：this refers to discrimination against those +定语从句。

其他成分：for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage 为插入语，改写为for those who are unaware of such a disadvantage as yet 理解起来会方便很多；as yet 至今; whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet 为定语从句。

微观解析：若是句子中的插入语理解起来有困难，不妨试着改变它的`句式结构，将长定语还原为定语从句，而这种方法的逆向思维可以与写作相结合，使文章的句式更加灵活多变。

翻译：对于那些还不了解这种危害的人来说，它指的是对姓氏首字母位于字母表后半部分的人的歧视

From the beginning of our history, says Hofstadter, our democratic and populist urges have driven us to reject anything that smells of elitism.

单词解析：democratic民主的；populist平民主义的

主干识别：our democratic and populist urges have driven us to reject anything+定语从句。

其他成分：says Hofstadter 为插入语； our democratic and populist urges have driven us to…可提炼出sth. has driven sb. to do…这个句型；that smells of elitism 为定语从句修饰anything (注意smell的介词搭配)。

微观解析：若是觉得插入语干扰了正常的理解，可将这个句子变为Hofstadter says, “From the beginning of our history, our democratic and populist urges have driven us to reject anything that smells of elitism.”这样的自由直接引语构成的宾语从句会降低句子的难度。

翻译：Hofstadter说，从我们历史之初起，我们对于民主化和大众化的苛求就迫使我们拒绝一切带有精英主义色彩的东西。