托福阅读技巧的定位词解读

雅思定位词在文章中出现的第一种也是最常见的一种变身是同义替换，这包含同义词或同义词组。

剑6，Test4的Q9：Kim Schaefer’s marketing technique may be open to criticism on moral grounds。题目中定位词为moral，在文章中定位，我们会在文章第三段中定位到Selling pharmaceuticals is a daily exercise in ethical judgment，而其中ethical即为moral的同义词。

雅思定位词在文章中出现的第二种变身是近义替换，这包含近义词或近义词组。

剑7，Test1的Q8：However, even before this was understood, the principle had been applied in the design of instruments which calculated the ____ of the seabed。 此题为在原文中选词填空的摘要题，定位词为calculate和seabed， 在文章中我们会定位到Before this was discovered, engineers had already built instruments to exploit the principle, for example to measure the depth of the sea under a ship。此处measure即为calculate的近义词，而sea即为seabed的上义词。

雅思定位词在文章中出现的第三种变身是派生词。

剑6，Test3的Q33：Monkeys were less likely to become diabetic。此题为分类题，定位词为diabetic，在文章中定位，我们能定位到句子…and they have more normal blood glucose levels(pointing to a reduced risk for diabetes, which is marked by usually high blood glucose levels)。题目中定位词diabetic为名词，意为糖尿病患者，而文章中的diabetes也为名词，但意为糖尿病，是 diabetic的派生词。

雅思定位词在文章中出现的`第四种变身是反义词的否定形式。

Sticking Power中的Q15：What makes sticky insects feet special is the fact that they can also detach themselves easily from a surface。

此题属于人名理论配对，题目中定位词为 detach。到文章中去定位，我们会定位到’There are lots of ways to make two surfaces stick together, but there are very few which provide precise and reversible attachment’ says Stas Gorb，句中attachment实际上为detach的反义词attach的名词形式，而reversible表示可逆的，因此 reversible attachment即为detach的反义词(组)的否定形式。

雅思定位词在文章中出现的第五种变身是上义词/词组。

剑6，Test3的Q28：Studies show drugs available today can delay the process of growing old。此题为是非无判断题，定位词为drugs，在文章中定位，我们能在文章第一段定位到As researchers on aging noted recently, no treatment on the market today has been proved to slow human aging –the build-up of molecular and cellular damage that increases vulnerability to infirmity as we get older。文章中treatment即为定位词drugs的上义词。

雅思定位词在文章中出现的第六种变身是下义词/词组。

剑5，Test3的Q27：how AI might have a military impact。此题为段落信息配对题，定位词为military，在文章中定位，我们会在E段定位到HNC claim that their system based on a cluster of 30processors, could be used to spot camouflaged vehicles on a battlefield or …，句中battlefield即为military的下义词。

雅思定位词在文章中出现的第七种变身是原词，即没有变身。这种情况多发生在定位词是专有名词、专业术语或实义名词时。

剑7，Test3的Q28：Problems in Nordic countries were excluded because they are outside the European Economic Community，此题为是非无判断题，定位词为Nordic countries。在文章中定位，我们能够在第一段定位到Those confined to particular geographical areas, such as countries bordering the Mediterranean or the Nordic countries therefore had to be discarded，句中的Nordic countries即为定位词原词。